The Mexican Revolution

The Mexican Revolution

October 25, 1910. Francisco I. Madero escaped from San Luis Potosi, where he was free on bail, to San Antonio, Texas. Here he drafted the revolutionary San Luis Plan.

November 19, 1910. In Puebla the local liberal (Maderist) leader Aquiles Serdan together with members of his family and other sympathizers of the revolutionary cause were killed by government soldiers.

Sunday, November 20, 1910. The Revolution broke out.

In Chihuahua Pascual Orozco and Francisco Villa rose up in arms against the Diaz r6gime in November 1910.

March 10, 1911. The peasant leader, Emiliano Zapata rose in Morelos, adhering to the San Luis Plan.

The revolutionary forces of Francisco I. Madero, Pascual Orozco and Francisco Villa took Ciudad Juarez on May 10, 191 1. This victory was a serious blow to the Diaz regime.

May 25, 1911. General Porfirio Diaz resigned from the presidency and went into exile on the 21st. He died in Paris in 1915.

October 1, 1911. Elections were held and the anti-reelectionist candidate Francisco I. Madero was victorious. On November 6 he took up his position as president of Mexico.

November 28, 1911. In Villa de Ayala, Morelos, Emiliano Zapata and his followers proclaimed a plan (the Ayala Plan) containing a program of agrarian reform and at the same time withdrawing recognition of Madero.

February 2, 1913. Pascual Orozco proclaimed the Empacadora Plan in Chihuahua rejecting Madero. After some victories Orozco's army was defeated at Rellano Station by an expeditionary column in under General Victoriano Huerta on the 24th.

July 4, 1912. General Pascual Orozco's National Revolutionary Army was defeated at the battle of Bachimba, Chihuahua by the federal troops of General Huerta.

February 9, 1913. A bloody military revolt began in Mexico City known as La Decena Tragica (the Tragic Ten Days). On the 19th. President Madero and Vice-president Jose Maria Pino Suarez were forced to resign. General Huerta, in betrayal of Madero, became president.

Francisco I. Madero and Jose Maria Pino Suarez were assassinated on February 22, 1913.

March 26, 1913. Venustiano Carranza, governor of the State of Coahuila proclaimed the Guadalupe Plan , withdrawing recognition of Victoriano Huerta's regime.

April 2, 1914. Francisco Villa's Northern Division took Torreon.

April 21, 1914. American marines landed in Veracruz and occupied the city. The garrison there, cadets of the Naval Academy and a group of civilians put up a heroic resistance.

June 23, 1914. Villa took the city of Zacatecas. On July 8, General Obregon, defeating federal troops, seized Guadalajara.

July 15, 1914. General Victoriano Huerta resigned from the presidency.

The Federal Army surrendered on August 13, 1914 after signing the Treaties of Teoloyucan.

August 20, 1914. Venustiano Carranza, "First Chief" of the Constitutionalist Army entered Mexico City. In September came the break of Carranza, Villa and Zapata. In October the Convention of Aguascalientes was held at which General Eulalio Guzmon was elected interim president. He set up his government in Mexico City while the Constitutionalist government withdrew to Veracruz.

January 6, 1915. An agrarian law, drafted by the lawyer Luis Cabrera of the Constitutionalist government was promulgated.

General Alvaro Obregon, leading the Constitutionalist army defeated the Villistas in the two battles of Celaya between April 7 and 15, 1915.

June 5, 1915. In Leon the Villistas were again defeated by the troops of General Alvaro Obregon.

March 9, 1916. A group of Villistas attacked the small town of Columbus, New Mexico. As a result an American punitive expedition crossed into Mexico on 15 March to capture Villa, but was unsuccessful. American and Mexican government troops met in an engagement at the village of Carrizal, Chihuahua and the expedition finally pulled out of Mexico on February 16, 1917.

February 5, 1917. The new Mexican Constitution was promulgated by a Constituent Congress in the city of Queretaro.

May 1, 1917. Venustiano Carranza took the oath as constitutional president of Mexico.

April 10, 1919. The agrarian leader Emiliano Zapata was assassinated on the Hacienda of Chinameca, Morelos.

April 23, 1920. The governor of Sonora, Adolfo de la Huerta, and General Plutarco Elias Calles proclaimed the Agua Prieta Plan, with drawing recognition of Carranza.